Institute of medicine was established in 1972 under Tribhuvan University to train all levels of healthcare manpower in Nepal. In 1978, community oriented integrated MBBS was started and with the establishment of TU Teaching Hospital in 1982 with the support from JICA, various postgraduate program (MS/MD) in Medicine, Public health, Paramedical, Nursing and Traditional medicine (Ayurveda Science) were also started. Sub-specialty training (MCh/DM) which considered as PhD level was started in 2008 and now there are five programs in surgical specialties (MCh) and six programs in medical specialties (DM).

Department of Surgery was established in 1982 under the leadership of Late Prof Anjani Kumar Sharma when there was no concept of subspecialties. Over the period, the concept of subspecialties developed in the form of units. In 2009, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery was established, while Department of Surgery had various subspecialties as units. In 2016, other subspecialties that were having MCh programs: Neurosurgery, Plastic and Reconstructive surgery, and Urology, separate departments were established. However, despite of the fact that MCh program was running in Surgical Gastroenterology, it was still the part of General surgery as Department of GI and General Surgery. As the complexities and volume of GI and HPB surgery had increased significantly, in 2021 Department of Surgical Gastroenterology was established.